Texto para a correcção do usuário cloclo1664
Lysosomal system appears as an interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the products made from it. It includes transport vesicles, secretory granules and lysosomes.
One discerns a dynamic concept of endomembrane compartments:
- Lysosomes contain hdyrolases acids to degradation.
- The secretory granules contain proteins -> is referred to as regulated secretion (outside the cell, distance to the cell to function).
- The vesicles of transport, the constituents required for the cell.
All of these vesicles will be related to the sorting function. Indeed, a molecule that passes through the Golgi apparatus has to go to a specific destiny in terms of function, location and contents of the vesicle.
Secretion produced by the secretory granules is called a regulated secretion. secretion of grains and other vesicles are born from the trans Golgi network. All contain useful protein compounds for the release of hormone such as insulin, and exocrine secretions like are zymogènes. On grains speaks of regulated secretion because this mechanism is via stimuli received by the cell. The molecules with electron-dense content are surrounded clahtrine; a motor protein.
2 major types of phenomenon:
- Endocytosis (inside → outside)
- Exocytosis (outside → inside)
Fundamental role in cellular communication, waste disposal / cell debris and important role the genesis of membranes.
1) endocytosis:
This is a mechanism invagination of the plasma membrane: active uptake phenomenon that allows entry of material into the cell through the formation of intracellular vesicles = endosomes. Endocytosis is a mechanism found in all cell types except erythrocytes. This is the main medium for the cells interact with their environment. Endocytosis allows the cell to feed, defend and maintain its homeostasis.
There are different types of endocytosis:
- Phagocytosis: ingesting microorganisms or cell debris to defend the cell
- Pinocytotic: classic and clathrin coat (which involves receptors) (Eg the transport of cholesterol via lipoproteins, which allows the re-supply of the plasma membrane, and all cells - CSE is only synthesized in the liver cells so you have to carry through this mechanism that cells can be used).
2) exocytosis:
This is the phenomenon of compensatory endocytosis. The different compartments of the cell communicate with each other by means of vesicles. This vesicular traffic depends on three key mechanism:
- Budding of vesicles from a donor compartment
- The movement of the vesicles
- The fusion of the vesicles with the acceptor compartments
The exocytosis involves several steps:
→ reconciliation of the vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane
→ affixing of the vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane
→ fusion
→ discharge
It involves SNARE proteins called proteins. Noted that there are 2 types of exocytosis:
- Constitutive exocytosis = permanent spontaneous process observed in all eukaryotic cells
- = Exocytosis induced secretion, endocrine or exocrine from cells stimulated by electrical or chemical messenger (for example, the release of neurotransmitters during exocytosis of synaptic vesicles process triggered by calcium - communication between neurons).
idioma: Inglês
Conhecimento de línguas: Falante nativo, Competência, Avançado
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